Women as Hero

Introduction With modern socioeconomic forces behind the movement of people from their native lands to urban areas that contain cultural mixture, major world cities are witnessing an influx of disjointed immigrants who are unable to cope with their new environments.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Women as Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Migrating from one region to another with maximum cultural distance becomes a challenge as the newcomers settle in the new environments. As Padilla and Perez postulate, â€Å"Throughout most of the 20th century, social scientists theorized about the process by which newcomers to the United States become incorporated into the main-stream culture† (36). This observation underscores the concepts of acculturation and multiculturalism, which have gained substantial national attention since the rise of African-American, Latino, and the Asian immigrants into the US and while the American public schools have increasingly engaged in organizing immigrants and their offspring to become prolific society members, the predicament of women immigrants is underestimated. Therefore, this essay explores multiculturalism and acculturation in the context of women’s plight. Concepts of acculturation and multiculturalism The gradual rise and augmentation of human immigration behavior have brought another unique human experience that calls for considerable attention. Just as the process of human adaptation to the natural environment, assimilating into a new region with a different culture is not an easy assignment (Masten et al. 18).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conventionally, human beings differ culturally, socially, and even customarily depending on the region of residence and individuals’ background. When human beings strive to acqui re certain cultural elements of the central society in foreign regions in the process of assimilating the conditions of these new regions, the process refers to acculturation. Berry posits, â€Å"Acculturation is the dual process of cultural and psychological change that takes place as a result of contact between two or more cultural groups and their individual members† (698). With the growing trends of immigration across the world, acculturation thus becomes an integral process that finally allows different cultural groups to mingle easily and share even their languages. Another modern concept that accompanies immigration, globalization, and internationalization issues, which are practical in the contemporary times, is multiculturalism. Multiculturalism or cultural diversity is a demographic process of integrating different ethnographic groups to integrate and assimilate despite their cultural distinction (Berry 706). Akin to acculturation, multiculturalism is one of the eff orts that aim at enhancing the process of human assimilation into different cultural boundaries, thus enabling migrants of different backgrounds to inhabit one another culturally.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Women as Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, several researchers view multiculturalism as a failed concept given the increasing cases of racial prejudice and minority discrimination amongst immigrants. The throes of change and human social integration in many nations through the processes of acculturation and multiculturalism have been difficult issues to ascertain their successfulness (Padilla and Perez 46). Frequently, immigrants and the minority groups in many European countries and most recently in some Arabic nations have reported increased cases of racial and ethnic bias despite portraying high levels of acculturation into the dominant communities. The quandary of women and powe r in Diaspora With the modern, tightly contested political and social matters, the notion of gender bias has been an obstacle to women’s progress across the world (Masten et al. 15). In many circumstances, women have been facing the most effective of struggling to acculturate in regions with strict cultural norms. Conventionally, the process of assimilation, especially in the European nations, has not been an easy assignment considering the historical predicaments of African-Americans, Mexican Americans, the Latinos, Chinese Americans, and other early American immigrants. Acculturation has been a complicated phenomenon, especially when considering the process by which women assimilate and integrate into the cultural norms of the dominant host communities. According to a research undertaken by Masten et al. (16) regarding the effect of acculturation on the minority Latino women, several issues emerged. The study unveiled that acculturation has adverse negative health and behav ioral effects on Latino women as compared to their male counterparts.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Becoming a hero, from all forms of contested political and social issues, is quite a challenging issue amongst women, especially those who are undergoing the acculturation process. Apart from the common barriers, adopting certain cultural behaviors of the dominant cultural group principally to assimilate with these groups brings some unique challenges that hamper them from becoming independent and influential. Masten et al. (16) assert that due to fragmented and undermined multiculturalism strategies, ethnic minority groups despair in their quest to acculturate and the ultimate process of assimilation ends in desperate intermarriage. This move is usually the beginning of women hardships, especially when married to the host majority community where the process of acculturation barely gives the woman an opportunity to explore leadership talents. Two critical issues are continually contributing to privation of women during the acculturation process and they include education and employ ment where empowerment gradually begins (Berry 702). Having appropriate leadership qualities drawn from educational achievements and financial prosperity are two important actors in modern headship. Education, acculturation, and women power Immigration and assimilating into new regions is a difficult process for families and individuals and women; the problems are twofold. Education is one of the integral aspects that determine the successfulness of the acculturation process and most probably, it influences cultural diversity (Berry 710). Lack of formal education has been one of the significant contributors of women suffering during the acculturation process where education becomes a limiting factor in enhancing women power. Lack of means to communicate well with the main-stream population and lack of confidence in handling public matters are some of the difficulties that women portray, thus making them unqualified for leadership positions (Berry 706). Coupled with the notion that i mmigrant women possess little influence on the native communities and have to acculturate in a bid to become acceptable in the indigenous population, the quest to dominate leadership positions remains hampered. Supposed to be the only feasible way to ensure that immigrants become productive members in foreign lands, education is a factor in women development in foreign nations. Low levels of education among immigrant women are the major causes of their failure in occupying leadership positions in foreign nations, especially for the immigrants of color, as demonstrated in several European nations. According to Masten et al. (4), â€Å"higher acculturation as demonstrated by research relates positively to high liberal attitudes of women, higher levels of knowledge and education, single marital status, and younger age.† Women in foreign nations either have completely no education or their levels of education are relatively low and when striving to acculturate and possess power, especially overseas, it becomes an insurmountable challenge. A practical example is in the US is where most discrimination cases arise in educational disparity, as research reveals that the minority groups find themselves residing in substandard housing, which leads to poor educational attainment (Padilla and Perez 46). Lower education depicts lower employment chances and social self-esteem, something that poses challenges to several immigrant women in their pursuit of attaining power. Employment, income and women power In any modern community, employment has become one of the integral contributors to the development of families and acquisition of self-independence among individuals. Acculturation in a foreign country may be challenging as one has to begin with establishing a reliable source of livelihood and at this point, employment becomes a crucial aspect during acculturation process (Masten et al. 16). Many women immigrants are less likely to survive in many foreign nations for attaining a suitable employment is ordinarily challenging. The rise of many women usually occurs in their employment zones, especially when given opportunities to demonstrate their talents and potential by the organization before showing interest in communal leadership. A study on Puerto Ricans, Mexican Americans, and Latinos revealed that high poverty and employment rates among these immigrant women are major causes of depression as well as acculturation difficulties experienced (Berry 709). Unemployment, poverty, and social stigma encourage low-self esteem among women and hence, low chances of leading communities. Income is the primary source of human independence in the contemporary days and leadership earnestly relies on this aspect. Women with stable employment and high wages exhibit the desired confidence in leadership and leading in a native land is not exceptional, as it requires financial potency and high education. High levels of acculturation, as demonstrated by Masten e t al. (17) positively relate to more broadminded attitude among women and stable economic situation, places women at higher chances of taking leadership. Due to significant disparities in income and occupational levels between the ethnic minorities and the dominant Native Americans, acculturation and leadership become difficult for the immigrant women in the US. According to Padilla and Perez (48), â€Å"there is substantial evidence that women who work are more likely to compare their outcomes (low wages) with those of other women rather than with those of men.† This assertion means that wage and salaries between men and women are incomparable and the situation is likely worse to immigrant women. Stress, depression, and women power Women become conquerors through formal leadership and leadership undoubtedly requires a straight mind. Research reveals that women suffer more acculturative stress compared to men and thus socio-cultural and psychological adaption is much difficul t to them (Berry 697). There exist substantial individual differences in how people incorporate the process of acculturation described in terms of assimilation, separation, and marginalization strategies. For women, health issues are primary causes of acculturation stresses experienced and according to research, these are among the main limiting factors towards women leadership. According to Masten et al. (15), practical research among the American immigrants revealed that acculturation stress in Hispanics as examined might be due to depression and related socioeconomic pressures. Among the Central American immigrants, similar results discussed by Masten et al. (15) indicated that acculturated stress significantly associated with higher depression in women. Coupled with other social issues that cause social prejudice in women, their probability of acquiring leadership with these conditions is minimal. As per the definition, acculturation typically involves a systematic process that engrosses culturally modifying individuals’ behavior to cope with the dominant host culture (Masten et al. 15). Stress in women results in low acculturation on many occasions, and their challenges towards leadership begin at this point. Generally, â€Å"individuals with low acculturation tend to adhere to their native cultural norms when interacting with the host communities† (Masten et al. 15). Among other causes, low acculturation and related acculturative stress occur where high marginalization, racial prejudice, social stigmatization, unemployment and poverty persist. With these critical issues against women development and empowerment, there chances of becoming leaders in foreign nations after demonstrating low acculturation to the native communities become relatively nominal (Padilla and Perez 54). Given that acculturation is more challenging to those individuals who are different, (either by color, religion, or physiognomy), these constraints are more adverse to women than to men and hence their survival in leadership and development remains constrained. Politics, policies, social dominance and women power Immigration and social mobility are universal issues that have continuously attracted international interests both in research and policy development within nations. Based on studies of ethnic minorities and immigranti communities in the US, politics of the nations have contributed to the suffering of women immigrants in foreign nations (Berry 700). Given that the dominant culture remains influential in its native land in terms of power, privilege, and status, acculturation, where cultural diversity is underestimated, becomes a challenge for the women leadership aspirants. For instance, in the United States, although regarded as among the most democratized nations across the world, national politics have continuously hampered women development and empowerment. The crackdown to find illegal immigrants and deport them to their native natio ns has sometimes extended to the innocent and subsequently contributed to women suffering (Berry 700). Women considered as immigrants face the challenges instigated by the political pressures and the insensitive anti-immigrant policies that lead to their suffering and discrimination. Imposed against their growth, they live in fear of national repression. The likelihood of leading in a foreign nation, especially where there are maximum cultural differences is a challenge to many. In understanding the concept of acculturation stress in minority groups, one of the inseparable issues in this aspect is the issue of social dominance that demonstrates how cultural hierarchies influence leadership. Women aspiring for leadership find themselves in quandaries while confronting the host’s majority community and their hierarchical order that comes from cultural dominance. As Padilla and Perez (44) note, it is ordinarily evident that social institutions and cultural groups involve a parti cular form of hierarchy, with the majority group capable of exhibiting more independence. Padilla and Perez posit, â€Å"The theory of social dominance states, â€Å"social hierarchies are validated through cultural ideologies that sustain the legitimacy and centrality of hierarchy within the larger society† (44). Therefore, as the immigrant women strive to assimilate into the host culture through the acculturation process, their chances of clinching leadership positions remain minimal. Multiculturalism as the only solution As modernization entails globalization, where individuals globally interact and culturally inhabit, the need to strengthen the notion of multiculturalism is becoming essential. However, prior and present studies demonstrate multiculturalism as a failed concept internationally. Political democracy has improved, human civilization has enhanced, and economies have changed, but the process of acculturation in the midst of polarized cultural differences is bec oming a major global dilemma (Berry 758). Communities have to first change from the old conformist ideologies towards the realization of the significance of having multicultural society where individuals of different races, religious backgrounds, nationality, and cultural differences interact freely, share and cooperate. The popular belief that prevailed during the massive American immigration process was that whatever beliefs or traditions came with immigrants into the US would finally disappear and they would adopt the American culture (Berry 758). This assumption has not materialized to date, as the US is and may continuously develop as a nation of immigrants. Building multicultural societies is not merely a communal process, and thus important steps that would encourage gradual understanding of the multiculturalism process are essential in the modern societies (Padilla and Perez 37). Multicultural communities would develop well through the comprehensive integration of multicultu ral studies in schools and institutions where youngsters grow psychologically understanding the essence of cultural diversity. In a bid to avoid suffering of ethnic minorities and social alienation, cultural diversity will potentially enable women, youth, children, disabled, and the elderly to have equitable access to critical community development opportunities (Padilla and Perez 37). This aspect would effectively influence policy development and enactment of regulations that strengthen the minority and vulnerable groups towards the upper lanes of leadership and development positions. Socioeconomic stress is the major contributor to acculturative stress, where depression arises from social and economic pressures that finally lead to depression and other factors that subsequently hamper women from securing leadership positions. Undisputedly, the European nations, the Asian nations, and even the African nations need each other mutually to grow economically, socially, and even politic ally. Great encouragement should prevail in developing the critical multiculturalism strategies where acculturation receives support from changes in political dimensions, social ideologies, and dissolved cultural differences (Padilla and Perez 44). As important persons and leaders that possess an influence on racial and ethnic majority groups, politicians should exercise unbiased leadership that would help in encouraging cultural diversity. To gain cultural diversity in the global context, they should refrain from divisive politics of creed, color, nationalism, religion, and culture in a bid to encourage internationalism without cultural divide. Padilla and Perez posit that since immigrants feel less â€Å"motivated while attempting to acculturate where they believe discrimination persists against their minority group by members of the dominant social class, multiculturalism would best resolve this predicament† (40). Women would feel confident when they notice that they are b ecoming more acceptable in the community than when despised and alienated. Conclusion Conventionally, people love traveling and sharing experiences across the world. Acculturation is an uphill task especially when struggling to fit in a dominant community that shares different cultural norms (including skin color, religious practices, and even physiognomy). The presence of immigrants of different cultural norms in different nations continues to precipitate international interests as the cases of racial prejudice, ethnic discrimination, societal alienation, religious bias, and even cultural segregation persist. Acculturation may continue posing endless challenges to the minority groups and women, as part of the vulnerable groups, are at risk of facing adverse negative effects while struggling to assimilate in foreign nations. Multiculturalism is the probable solution as it advocates acceptance and maintenance of valued features, traditions, and beliefs of all cultures living together . Works Cited Berry, John. â€Å"Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures.† International Journal of Intercultural Relations 29.2 (2005): 697–712. Print. Masten, Willam, Laura Mosby, Christine Asidao, Jerome Wanda, Toy Caldwell-Colbert, Margarita Medina, and Gonzalo Hernandez. â€Å"Depression and Acculturation in Mexican American and European American Women.† Annals of Psychology 20.1 (2004): 15-21. Print. Padilla, Amado, and William Perez. â€Å"Acculturation, Social Identity, and Social Cognition: A New Perspective.† Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 25.1 (2003): 35-55. Print. This research paper on Women as Hero was written and submitted by user Kristopher Barr to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

fathers and sons essays

fathers and sons essays Fathers and Sons could of have easily been the title for Chaim Potoks novel The Chosen. In his first book, The Chosen, Potok portrays two different father and son relationships where the tradition becomes the source of conflict for his central characters, as they each seek their identities in the contemporary, secular society1. From one father and son relationship to the other each has its own set of problems and has their own way to communicate with one another. The conflicts in The Chosen functions at several levels. These are generational conflict, the temperamental conflict, the conflict between head and heart, and the opposition between a petrified fanaticism and humane tolerance2. In Chaim Potoks The Chosen each father and son relationship represent two different sides of Jewish life. The Chosen begins with a softball game between two Jewish parochial schools. Reuven Malter who is the son of a Jewish scholar is hit in the face with a ball hit by Danny Saunders who is the son of a Hasid that almost makes him blind. These two boys have two different backgrounds. Reuven is Orthodox; Danny is a Hasid, the son of a rabbi and destined by his father to take his hereditary place as tzaddik- a teacher, spiritual advisor, mediator between his community of followers and God3. This simple game in which the novel begins with not only triggers the conflict but determines the direction the novel would take. While recovering in the hospital the two boys become spiritual and intellectual brothers. Neither one could have imagined that through their one incident at the baseball game that they would grow to become spiritual brothers. Each teaches the other about their beliefs and their differences in their ways that each one of them are brought up. For Reuven and Danny are can be compared to the Ying and Yang because one supplements the other. Danny is a young man torn between fulfilling...

Critical thinking paper(All forms of government welfare should be Essay

Critical thinking paper(All forms of government welfare should be abolished.) - Essay Example It is a common phenomenon in America that any kind of government welfare is under abuse. Evidently, a report on the Washington post dated 26th may 2011 asserts that 67% of the people under a welfare program are not genuine. The current fortifications do not seem to curb this ill practice at all. It is a worry that women are proceeding to bear babies outside of wedlock so as to increase the quantity of revenue they obtain from the government checks. A total of $7000 annually is too much to part with especially if the income is not directed to the well-being of the baby. Furthermore, it is an avoidable situation since the likelihood of a woman having the baby clearly knowing that no welfare check will be given to her is very low. The effect of people receiving welfare checks further disorients them in searching a job. There is an internal persuasion not to do anything more provided one is able to acquire a steady income through manipulation of government welfare programs. While most of the welfare programs aim at helping for a short time especially during difficult times, they are increasingly becoming a shoulder to lean on for the many. It is clearly not helping at all in economic development since majority of the people; particularly those without a job are reluctant to find one. (Ginsberg, 1994) Out of forty people under a welfare program that provides benefits for the unemployed, 32 are unenthusiastic to find a job provided a steady flow of money continues to flow. Welfare programs for the unemployed majorly serve to reduce motivation to look for a job while also putting a burden to the people who toil hard. Tyler (1955) asserts that a program that fails to motivate people to look for alternatives such a s employment cannot stop people from relying on it. Any argument suggesting that neediness is the root cause of institution of some of this

Race and gender assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Race and gender - Assignment Example But Crashs weaknesses far outweigh its strengths. It fails to delineate and explain the differences between forms of bias found in different communities, reduces discussions of race to discussions of feeling and bias, ignores social institutions and different access to privilege and resources, and focuses discussion on race while masking other important factors such as class and gender. Jensen and Wosnitzer explain, â€Å"The central theme of the film is simple: Everyone is prejudiced -- black, white, Asian, Iranian and, we assume, anyone from any other racial or ethnic group. We all carry around racial/ethnic baggage that’s packed with unfair stereotypes, long-stewing grievances, raw anger, and crazy fears. Even when we think we have made progress, we find ourselves caught in frustratingly complex racial webs from which we can’t seem to get untangled†. This is a fair enough point, but is it true? Is everyone equally embroiled? No. Internalized racism is certainly a problem, as is racialized resentment towards a dominant class (e.g. whites, men, etc.) But not all groups are made equal when it comes to their expression of racism and bias. Blacks express the desire to live in integrated communities overwhelmingly; it is whites who are opposed (Defina). Further, more subtly, there is a big difference between the prejudiced attitudes of those who are the oppressed, the underdogs, of societys social structure, and the attitudes of those who are on top. It is the difference between the hatred that the Jews in the Warsaw ghetto felt for the Nazis and the hatred the Nazis felt for the Jews. The hatred might be equally virulent and violent, but the first is defensive and is in response to the perceived actions of the second. The Jews did not think that Nazis were genetically or culturally inferior, vermin who needed to be extinguished; blacks did not think whites were too stupid to manage their own affairs and deserved to be enslaved. It is the dominant group that

Business Analytic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Analytic - Essay Example These necessary requirements are as follows: a) Specific – the target must be specific including the number of customers that the organization has to collect annually or the forecasted revenue of a firm, the reduction in delivery time and so on. This target may be attained by carefully selecting relevant information from big data (Barton & Court, 2012). b) Measurable – the target must have the quality of measurement for it to be relevant. The figures must be tangible as it may be difficult to allocate costs and revenues to systems that need enhancement and accordingly measurable targets have to be established. One instance is if the firm is not sure about the number of customers it has, then it has to look for another particular target. c) Agreed – the targets have to be accepted by the organization. In other words, there is essential need for claiming ownership prior to strategy implementation. Without ownership, a strategy may be completely ignored or even coun teracted. Also when the targets are accepted by a firm, some individual are entrusted with the accountability of meeting the targets. d) Realistic – it is very essential that the firm sets realistic and attainable targets. In most firms, targets may be formulated without trying to determine whether they are achievable or not. This may be as an outcome of the corporate culture in the firm, no possible outcomes for meeting specific targets within given deadlines or the possibility for individuals to extend deadline by buying time. e) Time bound – it is extremely necessary for firms to set attainable targets within a specific period of time and it is imperative for the organization to emphasize on meeting deadlines. Also it is very important for firms to understand at an early stage the targets which may not be achievable and accordingly make modifications. Putting the initial letters of the first five words helps one to get the acronym SMART. There are certain reasons fo r the goals to be SMART. This is especially true in the context of business analytics so that they may be accurately defined and operational. Many times, it becomes difficult to implement technical processes in case of ambiguous information and this further complicates calculation and collection of data thereby leading to failure of meeting with the proposed goals. It is important to develop measurable goals as they need to be technically quantified. At the same time, these goals must be attained in a given amount of time for the data system to deliver messages to end users especially when significant values are exceeded. Broadly speaking, the above five needs help to ensure clear understanding of business initiatives. Ambiguous objectives may have diverse interpretations leading to diverse authentic versions. For facilitating efficient reporting, goals need to meet specific deadlines (Laurson & Thorlund, 2010). 2. What are the key competencies required by analysts in the business i ntelligence model? Depending on the organization, the functions of a business analyst may slightly differ, however the core roles of a business analyst remains the same provided the firm wants to smoothly operate the business analytics function. A business analyst should have the required business competencies. The analyst should have thorough understanding of the supporting business process and the manner in which information may be delivered to add to value on a strategic level. Hence the analyst should

School Inspections Improve School Quality Education Essay

School Inspections Improve School Quality Education Essay Introduction This critical appraisal of a research article entitled Do school inspections improve school quality? Ofsted inspections and school examination results in the UK looks at the research methodology, style and approach adopted by the writer, Leslie Rosenthal. The article has been chosen as it discusses whether the inspection process, that has been designed to improve standards in schools, actually make exam results worse, in particularly in the year during inspection. If the researchers theory is found to be correct, this would lead to questions about the effectiveness, and value for money of the inspection process. The objectives for carrying out a critical appraisal of this piece of research are to identify the research approach that has been adopted the research style that has been used the intended research population how information will be gained from the research population the research instruments used any other considerations such as validity, reliability and credibility Each of the objectives will be discussed in turn, making explicit reference to the research article and current research methods literature. A summary of findings will be presented at the end of the assignment. Background Leslie Rosenthal (2004) states that Improving the quality of state-funded secondary school education remains a major explicit policy aim in the UK and is the central means by which state-provided education in the UK is now regulated, though a system of inspections carried out by the Office of Standards in Education (Ofsted), set up in 1992. Research has been conducted which looks at the exam results of state-funded ,non-selective English secondary schools that had been inspected during the year of the exams. Rosenthal, L. (2004) describes the research as empirical research several times throughout the text. The data used for the research has come from publicly available material based on the exam success of 15-16 year old students in state-funded school. This measure of performance, from secondary school performance tables, is used to test the proposition that in the year of an Ofsted inspection, the measure of the quality of the school changes. Empirical research is described as research of any phenomenon that results in outwardly measurable criteria, or can be verified by observation or used to derive a particular interpretation, (Opie, C. 2006). Empirical research lends itself to quantitative approaches in educational research in order to lead to generalisability. This means that the research findings can be applied to other settings than where they where originally founded in order to show that the statement is true (CEM, 2009).This could be important to empirical or experimental research where the research design may not be ethical or practical in the required setting, but the results could be compared from another setting. Empirical research is described by Verma and Mallick (2004) as the starting point to a research problem, with a view to explaining important factors or what happened after the research has been carried out. This implies that the research has been carried out with an open mind and results should not b e corrupt or biased. Rosenthal carried out empirical research using data from the year previous to, and post Ofsted inspection to confirm the validity and generalisability of the results obtained (these terms will be discussed in more detail under objective 6). The purpose of this is to show that there exists a small negative effect on exam results during the year that Ofsted inspects a school, even though the general philosophy of the agencys approach is described by its own motto as Improvement through Inspection, and one of their four objectives is to raise standards of achievement by students in exams (Ofsted, 1995). Objective 1 Identify the research approach that has been adopted The overall approach to the research that was carried out by Rosenthal was a quantitative approach. Bryman, (2008) describes quantitative research as deductive and testing theory rather than being inductive or generating theory as with qualitative analysis. The theoretical and conceptual structure of the research is determined before testing it through empirical observation. Quantitative research is not merely number crunching but is the use of theory to deduce a hypothesis. Primary or secondary information is then gathered to test the hypothesis. Primary information research involves gathering new data by means of written questionnaire, survey, or face to face and telephone interviews. However, Rosenthal used secondary information, which is research or information that has already been collected by somebody else, in this case, Government officials collecting data about schools to measure attainment and performance. To carry out quantitative research, any information, whether from primary or secondary sources, needs to be processed in some way in order to quantify it. Rosenthal has used statistical measures to analyse the secondary data and show the effects of Ofsted inspections in school quality. Opie, (2006) describes quantitative research as being objective and positivistic as opposed to subjective and anti-positivistic. Objectivity can be defined as unbiased and open-minded, and that only one interpretation or meaning can be drawn from the data, where as a subjective point of view is regarded as belonging to an individual as a result of their own consciousness or thought. Subjectivity is not based on facts that can be demonstrated or observed, but could in fact be interpreted in different ways. This piece of research has been based on facts from secondary information, and independent variables that could have a positive or negative effect on results have been tested to ensure that the results are unbiased and can not be interpreted in different ways therefore demonstrating the quantitative nature of the research. Objective 2 Identify the research style that has been used The style of research that has been adopted by the researcher is Evaluation Research. According to Burton Bartlett (2005), evaluation research is used to assess the effectiveness of specific projects to see if the original aims have been met. Rosenthal states that the objective of the research is to investigate the direct influence of Ofsted inspections on exam performance of inspected schools for the year of the inspection, as one of the four objectives for inspection is to raise the standards of achievement by students (in exams). In other words, the research has been carried out to evaluate how effective the inspection process has been at raising student achievement in exams at GCSE level. Evaluation research is often funded by government in order to evaluate the effectiveness of policies or procedures, and can be broken down into formative and summative evaluation. According to Trochim and Donnelly (2007) formative evaluation research is carried out during a program or activity in order to form the direction or strengthen the outcomes of the activity. The formative research is used as a method of improving the quality of an activity by looking at the needs, conceptualisation, implementation and processes of the activity. Summative evaluation research looks to summarise the activity in terms of meeting objectives, cost-analysis and impact. The research may be conducted to improve performance or processes if the activity is to be repeated, or to carry out secondary analysis, which re-examines existing data to answer new questions that may have arisen from the activity. Rosenthals research is summative as it is not intended to improve the processes of inspection, but to summarise whether or not the inspection has met its own objectives of raising standards of achievement in exams. Objective 3 Identify the intended research population The indented research population is clearly stated by Rosenthal, in section 4 of the report as state-funded, non-selective English secondary schools that serve students up to 16 years. State-funded schools that are selective on the basis of religion (voluntary aided, voluntary assisted and special agreement schools) and/or on the basis of academic ability (grammar and secondary modern, and selective grant maintained schools) have been excluded from the study. Only those schools that were inspected under Section 10 of the 1992 Education (Schools) Act were included in the study and not those classed as failing or having serious weaknesses. Data was gathered from approximately 2,300 schools inspected during the years 1993/4 to 1997/8 with some 2,700 Ofsted inspections taking place. Under Section 10 of the 1992 Educations (Schools) Act, schools were to be inspected at least once in every four year cycle; therefore around one quarter of the 2,300 schools would be inspected each year, duri ng the four year research period. The exact figures have been shown in table form in section 4 (Data and method) by Rosenthal. Objective 4 Identify how information will be gained from the research population The information needed to carry out the empirical research was, and still is, freely available in the public domain for use by Rosenthal. Rosenthal references the web address for Secondary School Performance Tables (or Achievement and Attainment Tables as they are now called) and these tables are published annually on the Department for Children, Schools and Families website (http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/performancetables/) and in national newspapers. Information contained in these performance tables includes the official measures of exam success of 15-16 year old students at GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) level or equivalent. The data collected focuses specifically on the number of GCSE passes at grades A* C in each school year of the research period 1993/4 to 1997/8. Objective 5 Identify the research instruments used Secondary data analysis has been carried out by Rosenthal. As discussed in objective one, secondary data is information that has been gathered previously by another person for some purpose, rather than information which is being gathered for the first time as with primary data. The data that Rosenthal used was gathered by the Department for Education and Skills (DfES), and published in the annual league tables that shows the performance of a school in terms of attainment and achievement, pupil attendance and proportion of students with Special Education Needs (SEN) [DCSF accessed on 4th March 10]. Objective 6 Identify any other considerations such as validity, reliability and credibility Summary of findings

Huckleberry Finn: A Trip :: essays research papers

A Trip Within’ The Heart Of A Colorless Boy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the main characters take a trip within the heart, not just a trip down the Mississippi River. Throughout the trip down the Mississippi River, Huckleberry Finn’s, a homeless waif, thoughts about racism change from a racist unwanted boy to a true human being with a sense of his own destiny. Throughout the novel, Huck narrates his adventure and thoughts upon racism and inequality between “niggers'; and whites. Huck and “nigger'; Jim, runaway slave, float down the Mississippi River as unequal individuals, but towards the end of the novel Huck distinguishes that even African-Americans are as equal as white human beings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Huck never respects the “niggers,'; especially Jim since Huck and Tom Sawyer, a romanticized friend, continuously play tricks on Jim so they can feel superior to the “black'; race. Even though Huck escapes society and his abusive father, Pap Finn, he continues to play tricks on Jim, since Jim ran away from slavery. For example, when Jim explains that he ran off Huck disapproves but promises not to turn him in even though “people would call [him] a low-down Abolitionist'; (50). This demonstrates that Huck is a kind trustworthy racist boy; however, Huck’s superstitious character “curled [a rattlesnake] up on the foot of Jim’s blanket'; as a joke, although in the night the rattlesnake’s mate bit Jim (59). In addition, Huck “warn’t going to let Jim find out it was [his] fault'; nor apologize because he did not want to feel low to a “nigger'; (59). This incident demonstrates that Huck still views himself as su perior to Jim because of his skin color. At this point of the novel, Huck is helping Jim escape which makes him feel low down to civilization; however, he continues to trick Jim so he can be better quality. Huck maintains to treat Jim with little respect and even though he suffers for the trick, he never apologizes to Jim.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As they progress down the river, Huck begins to realize the true character of Jim as an equal man with greatness and kindness in his heart. During their ride down the river Huck decides to play another trick on the so-called unintelligent Jim. The final trick Huck plays on Jim while they are in the fog is making Jim believe that everything that has happened in the storm after they broke-off from each other only occurred in Jim’s mind.

Bottlenecks in a Process Essay

Bottleneck can slow down production and diminish efficiency. According to Li, Chang, & Ni, (2009) â€Å"quick and correct identification of the bottleneck locations can lead to an improvement in the operation management of utilizing finite manufacturing resources, increasing the system throughput, and minimizing the total cost of production† (p.1). The operation of preparing dinner will be analysis to find where the process has a bottleneck and how to eliminate or reduce the bottleneck time. Identifying the Bottleneck in the Process When preparing dinner marinating the meat has proven to be a bottleneck for the process. For example steak can require up to 24 hours to be marinated, holding production for 24 hours is a problem. Choosing a different cut of meat can reduce the time and can require as little as one hour for the meat to marinate. In the production of preparing dinner an hour is still a bottleneck in the process. Considering it can be one hour to marinate the meat, then twenty minutes to cook while side dishes such as rice will only take about thirty minutes to cook the two process can not be run parallel on product will be undercook while the other overcook. Data Collection Reviewing the data collected over the last four week in preparing dinner the cycle of the process is longer when meat requiring longer marinating time is used in the preparation of dinner. During week two on the second day the preparation of dinner took sixty minutes. The marinating of the meat prevented the process of the side dish to begin because it would cause the meal to be overcooked. The key is to schedule the process capacity carefully to ensure the bottleneck is eliminate or reduce. One step taken to reduce the bottleneck time to make long-term decision regarding the process and have the meat marinates overnight. Avoiding last minute decision increases the efficiently in the process time. Conclusion According to Kamauff, (2010) †bottleneck-point in a process where the flow slows and work-in-process accumulates because of a difference between capacity of one process and the demand of the next†(p.32). Identifying the bottleneck can help plan the process more efficient to reduce the waste of resource such as time. Preparing dinner can be time consuming but with long-term planning and decision making improvements can be made to the process to reduce time. The extra time can be utilize do spend more time with the family reviewing the day.

Wind Farms in Cumbria

A way of preventing this happening Is by using renewable energy. This means that the source of energy wont UN out and It Is sustainable for future generations, unlike fossil fuels which have a Limited supply. They produce little/no greenhouse gases which Is much better for our environment. Forms of renewable energy Include solar energy, hydrophone, biomass, befoul, geothermal energy and most importantly wind energy. Wind turbines generate electricity through this process: the wind turns the blades which then spins a shaft.The shaft connects to a generator which produces electricity. The UK is an ideal place for wind turbines because we are one of the windiest nations in Europe. Cambric in particular is an ideal place to build new wind farms because it is a very hilly area and it has a long coastline; making the area very windy. There is already a wind farm in the village of Great Rotor and so far it has been a success. It has supplied 2,000 homes and has saved about 8,530 tones/year of greenhouse gases.It also gives farmers extra income in the area because the wind farms are built on their land. A decision has been made to build another wind farm in Cambric as it has had quite a lot of success. Callback fells is the location chosen for another wind farm. It as high exposed land which means there will be lots of space for many turbines. Some residents of Cambric are against wind farms being built due to several reasons. Some elderly people cannot live peacefully with the level of noise that the wind farms produce, it gives them headaches.Other members of the community are concerned that it'll ruin the landscape and will stunt the level of tourism generated, as Cambric is a tourist attraction. However, they won't need to be concerned with this location. The location is very remote, therefore It won't cause noise pollution which may bother some citizens. It won't also be ‘ruining the landscape' since there was nothing there before hand. Although the area Is remote, you can access It through country lanes, therefore maintaining the wind farm won't be as difficult to do.Building the wind farms will reduce the level of greenhouse gases In the atmosphere. This Is a positive step for Cambric. By cormorants this is having a negative impact on the world. Fossil fuels generate most of our Hence this contributes to global warming and is impacting the rest of the world. If happening is by using renewable energy. This means that the source of energy won't UN out and it is sustainable for future generations, unlike fossil fuels which have a limited supply.They produce little/no greenhouse gases which is much better for our environment. Forms of renewable energy include solar energy, hydrophone, biomass, a shaft. The shaft connects to a generator which produces electricity. The I-J is an location. The location is very remote, therefore it won't cause noise pollution which nothing there before hand. Although the area is remote, you can access it thr ough Building the wind farms will reduce the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This is a positive step for Cambric.

Demonstrative Communication Essay Example

Demonstrative Communication Essay Example Demonstrative Communication Paper Demonstrative Communication Paper Demonstrative Communication Lauretta Smith BCOM/275 August 22, 2011 David Walker Most of us have heard sayings like â€Å"Say what you mean and mean what you say† or â€Å"Actions speak louder than words†. Adhering to these statements is more difficult than one may imagine. Communication is the exchange of ideas, messages, information, writing, spoken words, and behaviors. Communication can be exchanged in a number of ways. It can be verbal, nonverbal, written, and unwritten. In this essay, I am going to discuss demonstrative communication and its impact on the message intended by the sender and receiver. Demonstrative communication can be described as a process of delivering and receiving verbal and nonverbal as well as written and unwritten messages. Verbal and written messages are reinforced with demonstrative communication. The expression of â€Å"Dress for Success† can be interpreted many different ways depending on the sender and receiver. For example, a young man arrives to an interview dressed in a suit and tie. He has a tattoos slightly peeking out of the collar of his shirt and a small nose ring. The receiver who is part of the Baby Boomers Generation immediately assumes that this young man is defiant and lazy. Therefore, the young man does not get the job. The facts are this young man is an entrepreneur. He owns a lucrative computer software company, however wanted to venture out to do something different. In communication what a person does not verbalize is just as important as what is verbalized. Demonstrative communication is an integral part of communication. Nonverbal communication is an imperative form of communication. According to Cheesebro, O’Connor, and Rios (2010), current estimates put the nonverbal messages at about 2/3 of all the messages that are delivered. Facial expressions, gestures, body language, eye contact, and tone of voice are all examples of the unspoken conversation. For example, my son comes to tell me the exciting news that his team just won the championship and he scored the winning basket. As he is speaking, I am reading a text message from my other son and providing very little eye contact. My son decodes this nonverbal message as â€Å"She really does not care. † Therefore although I say to him â€Å"Congratulations, I am so happy for you†, my message is not believable. Working at Verizon Communications, it was crucial that our nonverbal communication was aligned with our verbal communication. Dealing with customers over the telephone was challenging because although we were not visible to the customers our facial expressions, body language, background noises, and tone of voice could be incorrectly decoded. For example, the office is recognizing its top performers so there is music and cheering in the background. A customer calls to set up new phone service in his new home. The consultant is listening and responding to the customer. She states â€Å"That’s exciting†. The customer decodes the message as the consultant is being attentive and empathetic to his needs because he detects a smile in her voice. The customer does not know about the activities going on in the office. Although this type of communication can be positive, it can also have negative implications as well. The way we look, listen, and interact tell the sender of the message whether or not the receiver is truly listening and engaged. These nonverbal behaviors can either enhance or diminish relationships. The sender and the receiver can effectively utilized unspoken gestures to impact their messages. Unwritten communication is yet another dimension of demonstrative communication. The context, grammar, placement of words, and symbols used can all impact the written message. For example, Kim sends an email to Katherine relaying a message that Mr. Smith left to place an order to change his long distance package. The email is in caps. The email states â€Å"YOU NEED TO CALL THIS CUSTOMER AT 715-555-3444 REGARDING HIS LONG DISTANCE PACKAGE†. Katherine immediately assumes that she made a mistake and that the customer will be irate. Katherine also thinks that Kim is upset with her about this issue. Although this is not the message intended, the encoding of this message by sender was ineffective. All caps used in an email represent shouting. Kim simply did not realize the caps lock was on and did not review the message before sending because she was interrupted by another employee. Listening and responding is vital to ensure that the messages intended are the messages sent (Akerman, 2010) Communication is a two-way conversation. We must enable a channel for feedback whether that is by questioning, paraphrasing, or probing. Misunderstandings occur when effective listening and responding are not utilized. In conclusion, demonstrative communication can have a positive or negative impact on messages for the sender and receiver. Understanding this concept will equip the speaker and listener with the tools necessary to influence the message intended. The outcome of the conversations at home and work can be improved with implementation of this knowledge. The verbal and nonverbal as well as the written and unwritten communication must align in order to send a clear message. All types of communication include a sender, a receiver, a message, and a delivery channel. The communication process is effective when all the elements work well together (Sommers, 2000). References Akerman, J. (2010). Communication and indexical reference. Philosophical Studies, 149(3), 355-366, doi:101007/s11098-099-9347-0. Cheesebro, T. , O’Connor, L. , Rios, F. (2010). Communication in the Workplace. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Sommers, A. L. (2000). Everything You Need to Know About Effective Communication at School and at Work. New York, New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.

Foucault's Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Foucault's Philosophy - Essay Example It is important to situate the topic, to understand in what context it should be viewed in Foucault’s theory. Discipline is distinguished from either torture or punishment; by these distinctions, the discussions on discipline, therefore, excludes those practices that subject the body to atrocious and terrifying abuse, and the strictly punitive measures to which errant individuals are subjected for purposes of either retribution or rehabilitation in atonement for their misdeeds. In describing disciplines, Foucault goes through a description of what they are not. For one, disciplines are not slavery because they do not involve the ownership of the body and its attendant violence. They are not served because they do not subject the individual will to the expressed will of the master. Disciplines are not vassalage because the latter entails a distant relationship that exerts no power over individual behavior or department, but only on the claim to the products of labor and ritual symbols of loyalty. Finally, they are not ascetism, which is a spiritual renunciation of things worldly, and seeks to increase one’s utility over his own body – the reverse of what disciplines do. Foucault draws a parallel between economic exploitation and disciplinary coercion: "If economic exploitation separates the force and the product of labor, [then] disciplinary coercion establishes in the body the constricting link between an increased aptitude and an increased domination† (Foucault, 1977:138).... They are not service, because they do not subject the individual will to the expressed will of the master. Disciplines are not vassalage because the latter entails a distant relationship that exerts no power over individual behaviour or deportment, but only on the claim to the products of labor and ritual symbols of loyalty. Finally, they are not ascetism, which is a spiritual renunciation of things worldly, and seeks to increase one’s utility over his own body – the reverse of what disciplines do. Foucault draws a parallel between economic exploitation and disciplinary coercion: â€Å"If economic exploitation separates the force and the product of labour, [then] disciplinary coercion establishes in the body the constricting link between an increased aptitude and an increased domination† (Foucault, 1977:138). Clearly, then, the aim of discipline is to make the body more capable to do things in a certain way, while at the same time detaching this competency from t he individual’s will over it in favour of a higher degree of obedience to the external will. Discipline then is a â€Å"political anatomy of detail† (p. 139), and the results of discipline then are obedient or â€Å"docile† bodies. Foucault broadly traces the genealogy of disciplinary methods that span centuries. First among these is the art of distributions which refers to how the spatial allocation of individuals influences the body to comply with what is desired of the individual. These refer to enclosures such as factories, schools, barracks; partitioning, where â€Å"each individual has his own place, and each place its individual† (Foucault 1977:143); and functional sites architecturally designed to enhance supervision and

Project plan's name Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Green Maps for a More Sustainable Future - Essay Example More tasks carried out by the organization are through partnering with other institution in carrying out projects such as educating the society, feeding the hungry, providing men and women with skills that are aimed at elevating their living status among others. All the projects carried out are geared towards adhering to the mission and vision of the organization. The mission of the organization is geared towards getting people to lose with the aim of impacting positive change while its vision is to catalyze a global market for information, ideas, and money that democratizes philanthropy (Globalgiving, 2015). The funding of this organization is through donors and well-wishers. Some of the organizations that the institution has partnered with are Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, Omidyar Network, USAID (Global Development Alliance), and The Rockefeller Foundation among others (Globalgiving, 2015). It is approximated that since 2002 the number of donors is roughly 421,651 and have carried out approximately 11,669 projects. The projects vary from country to country or region to region depending on situations and needs.Moreover, the projects are of different topics such as finance, education, climate change among other numerous topics ((Globalgiving, 2015). This paper seeks to address a development project being carried out by GlobalGiving on climate change Canada that is currently ongoing. Climate change is one of the major challenging issues in the society today. People have tried modifying the daily weather either by increasing or decreasing heat or temperature of the surrounding. These increase and decrease over a long period of time contribute to climate change. The threat posed by climate change has awakened international community and various governments to start setting up mitigation measures.However, in North America, response to climate change has met several challenges.These challenges are that the public have a conviction and belief